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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry P51857


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name AK1D1_HUMAN
Primary accession number P51857
Secondary accession numbers A1L4P6 A8K060
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on October 1, 1996
Sequence was last modified on October 1, 1996 (Sequence version 1)
Annotations were last modified on    July 22, 2008 (Entry version 65)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase
Synonyms EC 1.3.1.3
Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5-beta-reductase
Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1
Gene name
Name: AKR1D1
Synonyms: SRD5B1
From
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
TISSUE=Liver;
PubMed=7508385 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Kondo K.-H., Kai M.-H., Setoguchi Y., Eggertsen G., Sjoeblom P., Setoguchi T., Okuda K., Bjoerkhem I.;
"Cloning and expression of cDNA of human delta 4-3-oxosteroid 5 beta-reductase and substrate specificity of the expressed enzyme.";
Eur. J. Biochem. 219:357-363(1994).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], CHARACTERIZATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
DOI=10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00278-5; PubMed=11342103 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Charbonneau A., The V.L.;
"Genomic organization of a human 5beta-reductase and its pseudogene and substrate selectivity of the expressed enzyme.";
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1517:228-235(2001).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
TISSUE=Mammary gland;
DOI=10.1038/ng1285; PubMed=14702039 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.;
"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.";
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004).
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1126/science.1083423; PubMed=12690205 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Scherer S.W., Cheung J., MacDonald J.R., Osborne L.R., Nakabayashi K., Herbrick J.-A., Carson A.R., Parker-Katiraee L., Skaug J., Khaja R., Zhang J., Hudek A.K., Li M., Haddad M., Duggan G.E., Fernandez B.A., Kanematsu E., Gentles S., Christopoulos C.C., Choufani S., Kwasnicka D., Zheng X.H., Lai Z., Nusskern D.R., Zhang Q., Gu Z., Lu F., Zeesman S., Nowaczyk M.J., Teshima I., Chitayat D., Shuman C., Weksberg R., Zackai E.H., Grebe T.A., Cox S.R., Kirkpatrick S.J., Rahman N., Friedman J.M., Heng H.H.Q., Pelicci P.G., Lo-Coco F., Belloni E., Shaffer L.G., Pober B., Morton C.C., Gusella J.F., Bruns G.A.P., Korf B.R., Quade B.J., Ligon A.H., Ferguson H., Higgins A.W., Leach N.T., Herrick S.R., Lemyre E., Farra C.G., Kim H.-G., Summers A.M., Gripp K.W., Roberts W., Szatmari P., Winsor E.J.T., Grzeschik K.-H., Teebi A., Minassian B.A., Kere J., Armengol L., Pujana M.A., Estivill X., Wilson M.D., Koop B.F., Tosi S., Moore G.E., Boright A.P., Zlotorynski E., Kerem B., Kroisel P.M., Petek E., Oscier D.G., Mould S.J., Doehner H., Doehner K., Rommens J.M., Vincent J.B., Venter J.C., Li P.W., Mural R.J., Adams M.D., Tsui L.-C.;
"Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.";
Science 300:767-772(2003).
[5]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.;
Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
[6]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
The MGC Project Team;
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
[7]
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.35 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEXES WITH NADP; TESTOSTRONE; PROGESTERONE AND CORTISONE, MUTAGENESIS OF TYR-58 AND GLU-120, ENZYME REGULATION, AND BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
DOI=10.1074/jbc.M801778200; PubMed=18407998 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Di Costanzo L., Drury J.E., Penning T.M., Christianson D.W.;
"Crystal structure of human liver delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) and implications for substrate binding and catalysis.";
J. Biol. Chem. 283:16830-16839(2008).
[8]
VARIANTS CBAS2 PHE-106 AND LEU-198.
DOI=10.1136/gut.52.10.1494; PubMed=12970144 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Lemonde H.A., Custard E.J., Bouquet J., Duran M., Overmars H., Scambler P.J., Clayton P.T.;
"Mutations in SRD5B1 (AKR1D1), the gene encoding delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase, in hepatitis and liver failure in infancy.";
Gut 52:1494-1499(2003).
[9]
VARIANTS CBAS2 ARG-133 AND CYS-261.
DOI=10.1016/j.jhep.2003.12.024; PubMed=15030995 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Gonzales E., Cresteil D., Baussan C., Dabadie A., Gerhardt M.F., Jacquemin E.;
"SRD5B1 (AKR1D1) gene analysis in delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase deficiency: evidence for primary genetic defect.";
J. Hepatol. 40:716-718(2004).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Efficiently catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. The bile acid intermediates 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one can also act as substrates.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 5-beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 17,21-dihydroxy-5-beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione + NADP+ = cortisone.
  • ENZYME REGULATION: Subject to inhibition by high substrate concentrations. Inhibited by testosterone concentrations above 10 µM.
  • BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
    Kinetic parameters:   KM=2.7 µM for testosterone;
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in liver. Expressed in testis and weakly in colon.
  • DISEASE: Defects in AKR1D1 are the cause of congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 2 (CBAS2) [MIM:235555]; also known as cholestasis with delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase deficiency. Patients with this liver disease show absence or low levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid in plasma and urine.
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
Z28339; CAA82193.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283659; AAG39381.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283651; AAG39381.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283652; AAG39381.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283653; AAG39381.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283654; AAG39381.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283655; AAG39381.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283656; AAG39381.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283657; AAG39381.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF283658; AAG39381.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AK289425; BAF82114.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
CH236950; EAL24049.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
CH471070; EAW83881.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC130625; AAI30626.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC130627; AAI30628.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
PIR S41120; S41120.
RefSeq NP_005980.1; -.
UniGene Hs.201667
3D structure databases
PDB
3BUR; X-ray; 1.62 A; A/B=1-326.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
3BUV; X-ray; 1.35 A; A/B=1-326.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
3BV7; X-ray; 1.79 A; A/B=1-326.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
3CMF; X-ray; 1.90 A; A/B=1-326.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
3COT; X-ray; 2.03 A; A/B=1-326.[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
Detailed list of linked structures.
PDBsum 3BUR; -.
3BUV; -.
3BV7; -.
3CMF; -.
3COT; -.
ModBase P51857.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactome REACT_602; Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
Organism-specific databases
H-InvDB HIX0018220; -.
HGNC HGNC:388; AKR1D1.
GenAtlas AKR1D1.
MIM 235555; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
604741; gene. [NCBI / EBI]
Orphanet 172; Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic.
PharmGKB PA24681; -.
GeneCards P51857.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress P51857; -.
CleanEx HS_AKR1D1; -.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0005829; Cellular component: cytosol (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0004033; Molecular function: aldo-keto reductase activity (inferred from experiment from Reactome).
GO:0005496; Molecular function: steroid binding (traceable author statement from UniProtKB).
GO:0008209; Biological process: androgen metabolic process (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0006699; Biological process: bile acid biosynthetic process (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0008207; Biological process: C21-steroid hormone metabolic process (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0006707; Biological process: cholesterol catabolic process (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0007586; Biological process: digestion (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0055114; Biological process: oxidation reduction (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR001395; Aldo/ket_red.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Gene3D G3DSA:3.20.20.100; Aldo/ket_red; 1.
PANTHER PTHR11732; Aldo/ket_red; 1.
Pfam PF00248; Aldo_ket_red; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
PRINTS PR00069; ALDKETRDTASE.
ProDom PD000288; Aldo/ket_red; 1.
[Domain structure / List of seq. sharing at least 1 domain]
PROSITE PS00798; ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_1; 1.
PS00062; ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_2; 1.
PS00063; ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_3; 1.
BLOCKS P51857.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSG00000122787; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID 6718; -.
KEGG hsa:6718; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM P51857; -.
HOVERGEN P51857; -.
Other
LinkHub P51857; -.
SOURCE AKR1D1; Homo sapiens.
ProtoNet P51857.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
3D-structure; Bile acid catabolism; Cytoplasm; Disease mutation; Intrahepatic cholestasis; Lipid metabolism; NADP; Oxidoreductase; Steroid metabolism.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
CHAIN   1   326  326     3-oxo-5-beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase. PRO_0000124669
NP_BIND   169   170  2     NADP. 
NP_BIND   220   224  5     NADP. 
NP_BIND   273   283  11     NADP. 
ACT_SITE   58    58        Proton donor. 
BINDING   53    53        NADP. 
BINDING   193   193        NADP. 
BINDING   230   230        Substrate. 
VARIANT   106   106  1     L -> F (in CBAS2). VAR_033007 [3D]
VARIANT   133   133  1     P -> R (in CBAS2). VAR_044430 [3D]
VARIANT   198   198  1     P -> L (in CBAS2). VAR_033008 [3D]
VARIANT   261   261  1     R -> C (in CBAS2). VAR_044431 [3D]
MUTAGEN   58    58        Y->A: Loss of activity. 
MUTAGEN   120   120        E->A: Loss of activity. 
CONFLICT   14    14        D -> V (in Ref. 3; BAF82114). 
Sequence information
Length: 326 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 37377 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: 1FE02B95398A0A6F [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MDLSAASHRI PLSDGNSIPI IGLGTYSEPK STPKGACATS VKVAIDTGYR HIDGAYIYQN 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
EHEVGEAIRE KIAEGKVRRE DIFYCGKLWA TNHVPEMVRP TLERTLRVLQ LDYVDLYIIE 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
VPMAFKPGDE IYPRDENGKW LYHKSNLCAT WEAMEACKDA GLVKSLGVSN FNRRQLELIL 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
NKPGLKHKPV SNQVECHPYF TQPKLLKFCQ QHDIVITAYS PLGTSRNPIW VNVSSPPLLK 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
DALLNSLGKR YNKTAAQIVL RFNIQRGVVV IPKSFNLERI KENFQIFDFS LTEEEMKDIE 

       310        320 
ALNKNVRFVE LLMWRDHPEY PFHDEY 

P51857 in FASTA format

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