[1]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND VARIANT ILE-175.
TISSUE=Liver;
DOI=10.1016/0960-0760(93)90308-J; PubMed=8274401 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Qin K.-N.,
New M.I.,
Cheng K.-C.;
"Molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding human enzymes structurally related to 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.";
J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 46:673-679(1993).
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[2]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], CHARACTERIZATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND VARIANT ILE-175.
DOI=10.1074/jbc.270.34.20162; PubMed=7650035 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Khanna M.,
Qin K.-N.,
Wang R.W.,
Cheng K.-C.;
"Substrate specificity, gene structure, and tissue-specific distribution of multiple human 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.";
J. Biol. Chem. 270:20162-20168(1995).
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[3]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND VARIANT HIS-5.
TISSUE=Liver;
DOI=10.1016/0960-0760(95)00019-V; PubMed=7626489 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Khanna M.,
Qin K.-N.,
Cheng K.-C.;
"Distribution of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat brain and molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding structurally related proteins in humans.";
J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 53:41-46(1995).
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[4]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], CHARACTERIZATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
TISSUE=Prostate;
DOI=10.1210/me.11.13.1971; PubMed=9415401 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Lin H.-K.,
Jez J.M.,
Schlegel B.P.,
Peehl D.M.,
Pachter J.A.,
Penning T.M.;
"Expression and characterization of recombinant type 2 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) from human prostate: demonstration of bifunctional 3 alpha/17 beta-HSD activity and cellular distribution.";
Mol. Endocrinol. 11:1971-1984(1997).
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[5]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], CHARACTERIZATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
TISSUE=Lung;
DOI=10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01551-3; PubMed=10622721 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Suzuki-Yamamoto T.,
Nishizawa M.,
Fukui M.,
Okuda-Ashitaka E.,
Nakajima T.,
Ito S.,
Watanabe K.;
"cDNA cloning, expression and characterization of human prostaglandin F synthase.";
FEBS Lett. 462:335-340(1999).
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[6]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
TISSUE=Brain;
DOI=10.1073/pnas.96.23.13512; PubMed=10557352 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Griffin L.D.,
Mellon S.H.;
"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors directly alter activity of neurosteroidogenic enzymes.";
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:13512-13517(1999).
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[7]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
TISSUE=Liver;
PubMed=10672042 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Nishizawa M.,
Nakajima T.,
Yasuda K.,
Kanzaki H.,
Sasaguri Y.,
Watanabe K.,
Ito S.;
"Close kinship of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene with three aldo-keto reductase genes.";
Genes Cells 5:111-125(2000).
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[8]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], CHARACTERIZATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
TISSUE=Prostate;
DOI=10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00426-3; PubMed=11165022 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Penning T.M.,
Burczynski M.E.,
Jez J.M.,
Lin H.-K.,
Ma H.,
Moore M.,
Ratnam K.,
Palackal N.;
"Structure-function aspects and inhibitor design of type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C3).";
Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 171:137-149(2001).
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[9]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
TISSUE=Bone marrow;
DOI=10.1093/dnares/2.1.37; PubMed=7788527 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Nagase T.,
Miyajima N.,
Tanaka A.,
Sazuka T.,
Seki N.,
Sato S.,
Tabata S.,
Ishikawa K.,
Kawarabayasi Y.,
Kotani H.,
Nomura N.;
"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. III. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0081-KIAA0120) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1.";
DNA Res. 2:37-43(1995).
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[10]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT HIS-5.
Kalnine N.,
Chen X.,
Rolfs A.,
Halleck A.,
Hines L.,
Eisenstein S.,
Koundinya M.,
Raphael J.,
Moreira D.,
Kelley T.,
LaBaer J.,
Lin Y.,
Phelan M.,
Farmer A.;
"Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector.";
Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
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[11]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT HIS-5.
DOI=10.1038/nature02462; PubMed=15164054 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Deloukas P.,
Earthrowl M.E.,
Grafham D.V.,
Rubenfield M.,
French L.,
Steward C.A.,
Sims S.K.,
Jones M.C.,
Searle S.,
Scott C.,
Howe K.,
Hunt S.E.,
Andrews T.D.,
Gilbert J.G.R.,
Swarbreck D.,
Ashurst J.L.,
Taylor A.,
Battles J.,
Bird C.P.,
Ainscough R.,
Almeida J.P.,
Ashwell R.I.S.,
Ambrose K.D.,
Babbage A.K.,
Bagguley C.L.,
Bailey J.,
Banerjee R.,
Bates K.,
Beasley H.,
Bray-Allen S.,
Brown A.J.,
Brown J.Y.,
Burford D.C.,
Burrill W.,
Burton J.,
Cahill P.,
Camire D.,
Carter N.P.,
Chapman J.C.,
Clark S.Y.,
Clarke G.,
Clee C.M.,
Clegg S.,
Corby N.,
Coulson A.,
Dhami P.,
Dutta I.,
Dunn M.,
Faulkner L.,
Frankish A.,
Frankland J.A.,
Garner P.,
Garnett J.,
Gribble S.,
Griffiths C.,
Grocock R.,
Gustafson E.,
Hammond S.,
Harley J.L.,
Hart E.,
Heath P.D.,
Ho T.P.,
Hopkins B.,
Horne J.,
Howden P.J.,
Huckle E.,
Hynds C.,
Johnson C.,
Johnson D.,
Kana A.,
Kay M.,
Kimberley A.M.,
Kershaw J.K.,
Kokkinaki M.,
Laird G.K.,
Lawlor S.,
Lee H.M.,
Leongamornlert D.A.,
Laird G.,
Lloyd C.,
Lloyd D.M.,
Loveland J.,
Lovell J.,
McLaren S.,
McLay K.E.,
McMurray A.,
Mashreghi-Mohammadi M.,
Matthews L.,
Milne S.,
Nickerson T.,
Nguyen M.,
Overton-Larty E.,
Palmer S.A.,
Pearce A.V.,
Peck A.I.,
Pelan S.,
Phillimore B.,
Porter K.,
Rice C.M.,
Rogosin A.,
Ross M.T.,
Sarafidou T.,
Sehra H.K.,
Shownkeen R.,
Skuce C.D.,
Smith M.,
Standring L.,
Sycamore N.,
Tester J.,
Thorpe A.,
Torcasso W.,
Tracey A.,
Tromans A.,
Tsolas J.,
Wall M.,
Walsh J.,
Wang H.,
Weinstock K.,
West A.P.,
Willey D.L.,
Whitehead S.L.,
Wilming L.,
Wray P.W.,
Young L.,
Chen Y.,
Lovering R.C.,
Moschonas N.K.,
Siebert R.,
Fechtel K.,
Bentley D.,
Durbin R.M.,
Hubbard T.,
Doucette-Stamm L.,
Beck S.,
Smith D.R.,
Rogers J.;
"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.";
Nature 429:375-381(2004).
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[12]
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NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT HIS-5.
TISSUE=Colon, and Urinary bladder;
DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] The MGC Project Team;
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
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[13]
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CHARACTERIZATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT ILE-175, AND MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-75.
DOI=10.1210/en.140.2.568; PubMed=9927279 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Dufort I.,
Rheault P.,
Huang X.-F.,
Soucy P.,
Luu-The V.;
"Characteristics of a highly labile human type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.";
Endocrinology 140:568-574(1999).
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[14]
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X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.7 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH PROSTAGLANDIN H(2); NADPH AND RUTIN.
DOI=10.1021/bi036046x; PubMed=14979715 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Komoto J.,
Yamada T.,
Watanabe K.,
Takusagawa F.;
"Crystal structure of human prostaglandin F synthase (AKR1C3).";
Biochemistry 43:2188-2198(2004).
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[15]
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X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.8 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH FLUFENAMIC ACID AND INDOMETHACIN.
DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2847; PubMed=14996743 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Lovering A.L.,
Ride J.P.,
Bunce C.M.,
Desmond J.C.,
Cummings S.M.,
White S.A.;
"Crystal structures of prostaglandin D(2) 11-ketoreductase (AKR1C3) in complex with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flufenamic acid and indomethacin.";
Cancer Res. 64:1802-1810(2004).
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[16]
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X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.0 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH NADP AND DELTA4 -3 ANDROSTENE-3,17-DIONE, AND IMPORTANCE OF TRP-227 AND PHE-306 IN LIGAND RECOGNITION AND PRODUCT RELEASE.
DOI=10.1210/me.2004-0032; PubMed=15087468 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Qiu W.,
Zhou M.,
Labrie F.,
Lin S.-X.;
"Crystal structures of the multispecific 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5: critical androgen regulation in human peripheral tissues.";
Mol. Endocrinol. 18:1798-1807(2004).
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- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2. Functions as a bi-directional 3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. Can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate inactive metabolites. Preferentially transforms androstenedione (4-dione) to testosterone.
- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NADP+ = catechol + NADPH.
- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Androsterone + NAD(P)+ = 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H.
- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP+ = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH.
- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Testosterone + NAD+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADH.
- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Testosterone + NADP+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADPH.
- ENZYME REGULATION: Strongly inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) including flufenamic acid and indomethacin. Also inhibited by the flavinoid, rutin, and by selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs).
- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
| Kinetic parameters: |
KM=142.1 µM for progesterone; | | KM=2.37 µM for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone; | | KM=1.0 µM for androstanediol; | | Vmax=20.1 nmol/min/mg enzyme with progesterone as substrate; | | Vmax=1.8 nmol/min/mg enzyme with 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone as substrate; | | Vmax=4.4 nmol/min/mg enzyme with androstanediol as substrate; | |
- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.
- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in many tissues including adrenal gland, brain, kidney, liver, lung, mammary gland, placenta, small intestine, colon, spleen, prostate and testis. The dominant HSD in prostate and mammary gland. In the prostate, higher levels in epithelial cells than in stromal cells. In the brain, expressed in medulla, spinal cord, frontotemporal lobes, thalamus, subthalamic nuclei and amygdala. Weaker expression in the hippocampus, substantia nigra and caudate.
- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.
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