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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry P31513


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name FMO3_HUMAN
Primary accession number P31513
Secondary accession numbers Q14854 Q8N5N5
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on July 1, 1993
Sequence was last modified on January 23, 2007 (Sequence version 5)
Annotations were last modified on    July 22, 2008 (Entry version 91)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3
Synonyms EC 1.14.13.8
Hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
FMO 3
FMO form 2
FMO II
Dimethylaniline oxidase 3
Gene name
Name: FMO3
From
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
TISSUE=Liver;
PubMed=1542660 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Lomri N., Gu Q., Cashman J.R.;
"Molecular cloning of the flavin-containing monooxygenase (form II) cDNA from adult human liver.";
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:1685-1689(1992).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
TISSUE=Liver;
PubMed=8654418 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Dolphin C.T., Cullingford T.E., Shephard E.A., Smith R.L., Phillips I.R.;
"Differential developmental and tissue-specific regulation of expression of the genes encoding three members of the flavin-containing monooxygenase family of man, FMO1, FMO3 and FM04.";
Eur. J. Biochem. 235:683-689(1996).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1006/geno.1997.5031; PubMed=9417913 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Dolphin C.T., Riley J.H., Smith R.L., Shephard E.A., Phillips I.R.;
"Structural organization of the human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 gene (FMO3), the favored candidate for fish-odor syndrome, determined directly from genomic DNA.";
Genomics 46:260-267(1997).
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANTS HIS-132; LYS-158; CYS-205; MET-257; ALA-277; GLY-308; PRO-360 AND GLN-362.
Livingston R.J., Rieder M.J., Rajkumar N., Downing T.K., Olson A.N., Nguyen C.P., Gildersleeve H., Cassidy C.M., Johnson E.J., Swanson J.E., McFarland I., Yool B., Park C., Nickerson D.A.;
"NIEHS-SNPs, environmental genome project, NIEHS ES15478, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA (URL: http://egp.gs.washington.edu).";
Submitted (JAN-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
[5]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
DOI=10.1038/nature04727; PubMed=16710414 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K., Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R.;
"The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.";
Nature 441:315-321(2006).
[6]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT MET-257.
TISSUE=Brain, and Lung;
DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
The MGC Project Team;
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
[7]
VARIANTS TMAU ILE-66 AND LEU-153, AND VARIANTS LYS-158; MET-257 AND GLY-308.
DOI=10.1093/hmg/7.5.839; PubMed=9536088 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Treacy E.P., Akerman B.R., Chow L.M.L., Youil R., Bibeau C., Lin J., Bruce A.G., Knight M., Danks D.M., Cashman J.R., Forrest S.M.;
"Mutations of the flavin-containing monooxygenase gene (FMO3) cause trimethylaminuria, a defect in detoxication.";
Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:839-845(1998).
[8]
VARIANTS TMAU ILE-66 AND TRP-492.
DOI=10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:5<376::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-A; PubMed=10338091 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Akerman B.R., Forrest S.M., Chow L.M.L., Youil R., Knight M., Treacy E.P.;
"Two novel mutations of the FMO3 gene in a proband with trimethylaminuria.";
Hum. Mutat. 13:376-379(1999).
[9]
VARIANTS TMAU THR-52 AND LEU-387, AND VARIANTS LYS-158 AND GLY-308.
DOI=10.1006/mgme.1999.2885; PubMed=10479479 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Akerman B.R., Lemass H., Chow L.M.L., Lambert D.M., Greenberg C., Bibeau C., Mamer O.A., Treacy E.P.;
"Trimethylaminuria is caused by mutations of the FMO3 gene in a North American cohort.";
Mol. Genet. Metab. 68:24-31(1999).
[10]
VARIANTS TMAU SER-61; LEU-153; ILE-434 AND TRP-492, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS TMAU SER-61; LEU-153; ILE-434 AND TRP-492.
DOI=10.1097/00008571-200012000-00005; PubMed=11191884 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Dolphin C.T., Janmohamed A., Smith R.L., Shephard E.A., Phillips I.R.;
"Compound heterozygosity for missense mutations in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FM03) gene in patients with fish-odour syndrome.";
Pharmacogenetics 10:799-807(2000).
[11]
VARIANTS HIS-132; LYS-158; MET-257; PRO-360; GLN-362 AND ARG-503.
DOI=10.1124/dmd.31.2.187; PubMed=12527699 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Furnes B., Feng J., Sommer S.S., Schlenk D.;
"Identification of novel variants of the flavin-containing monooxygenase gene family in African Americans.";
Drug Metab. Dispos. 31:187-193(2003).
[12]
VARIANTS GLU-198 AND CYS-205.
DOI=10.2133/dmpk.18.333; PubMed=15618753 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Fujieda M., Yamazaki H., Togashi M., Saito T., Kamataki T.;
"Two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FMO3 gene in Japanese.";
Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 18:333-335(2003).
[13]
VARIANT TMAU LYS-32.
DOI=10.1097/00008571-200308000-00007; PubMed=12893987 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Zhang J., Tran Q., Lattard V., Cashman J.R.;
"Deleterious mutations in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) gene causing trimethylaminuria.";
Pharmacogenetics 13:495-500(2003).
[14]
BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS TMAU SER-61; ILE-66; LEU-153 AND TRP-492, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS LYS-158; MET-257 AND GLY-308.
DOI=10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.014; PubMed=17531949 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Yeung C.K., Adman E.T., Rettie A.E.;
"Functional characterization of genetic variants of human FMO3 associated with trimethylaminuria.";
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 464:251-259(2007).
[15]
VARIANTS ASP-24; LYS-61; LYS-158; MET-257; GLY-308 AND ASN-416, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS ASP-24; LYS-61 AND ASN-416.
DOI=10.1124/jpet.106.112268; PubMed=17050781 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Koukouritaki S.B., Poch M.T., Henderson M.C., Siddens L.K., Krueger S.K., VanDyke J.E., Williams D.E., Pajewski N.M., Wang T., Hines R.N.;
"Identification and functional analysis of common human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 genetic variants.";
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 320:266-273(2007).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. It N-oxygenates primary aliphatic alkylamines as well as secondary and tertiary amines. Plays an important role in the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), via the production of TMA N-oxide (TMAO). Is also able to perform S-oxidation when acting on sulfide compounds.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.
  • COFACTOR: FAD.
  • BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
    Kinetic parameters:   KM=21 µM for trimethylamine (at pH 8.5);
    KM=31 µM for trimethylamine (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius);
    KM=43 µM for benzydamine (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius);
    KM=55.7 µM for ethylenethiourea (at pH 8.5);
    KM=71.8 µM for methimazole (at pH 8.5);
    KM=150.1 µM for sulindac (at pH 8.5);
    KM=248 µM for methyl p-tolyl sulfide (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees Celsius);
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Liver.
  • DISEASE: Defects in FMO3 are the cause of trimethylaminuria (TMAU) [MIM:602079]; also known as fish-odor syndrome. TMAU is an inborn error of metabolism associated with an offensive body odor and caused by deficiency of FMO-mediated N-oxidation of amino-trimethylamine (TMA) derived from foodstuffs. Such individuals excrete relatively large amounts of TMA in their urine, sweat, and breath, and exhibit a fishy body odor characteristic of the malodorous free amine.
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FMO family.
  • WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.genetests.org/query?gene=FMO3";.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
M83772; AAA86284.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Z47552; CAA87632.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U39967; AAC51932.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U39961; AAC51932.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U39962; AAC51932.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U39963; AAC51932.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U39964; AAC51932.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U39965; AAC51932.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U39966; AAC51932.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AY895830; AAW65372.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AL021026; CAA15908.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC032016; AAH32016.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
PIR A38228; A38228.
S62367; S51130.
RefSeq NP_001002294.1; -.
NP_008825.4; -.
UniGene Hs.445350
3D structure databases
ModBase P31513.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc MetaCyc:ENSG00000007933-MON; -.
Reactome REACT_2063; Metabolism of xenobiotics.
Polymorphism databases
NIEHS-SNPs FMO3.
Organism-specific databases
H-InvDB HIX0001325; -.
HGNC HGNC:3771; FMO3.
GenAtlas FMO3.
HPA HPA008065; -.
HPA013750; -.
MIM 136132; gene. [NCBI / EBI]
602079; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
Orphanet 35056; Trimethylaminuria.
PharmGKB PA166; -.
GeneCards P31513.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress P31513; -.
CleanEx HS_FMO3; -.
GermOnline ENSG00000007933; Homo sapiens.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0005789; Cellular component: endoplasmic reticulum membrane (inferred from experiment from Reactome).
GO:0005792; Cellular component: microsome (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
GO:0004499; Molecular function: flavin-containing monooxygenase activity (inferred from experiment from Reactome).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR012143; dManiline_mOase.
IPR013027; FAD_pyr_nucl-diS_OxRdtase.
IPR000960; Flavin_mOase.
IPR002255; Flavin_mOase_3.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Pfam PF00743; FMO-like; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
PIRSF PIRSF000332; FMO; 1.
PRINTS PR00368; FADPNR.
PR00370; FMOXYGENASE.
PR01123; FMOXYGENASE3.
ProDom PD000139; FAD_pyr_redox; 1.
[Domain structure / List of seq. sharing at least 1 domain]
BLOCKS P31513.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSG00000007933; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID 2328; -.
KEGG hsa:2328; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM P31513; -.
HOVERGEN P31513; -.
Other
SOURCE FMO3; Homo sapiens.
ProtoNet P31513.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
Disease mutation; Endoplasmic reticulum; FAD; Flavoprotein; Membrane; Microsome; Monooxygenase; NADP; Oxidoreductase; Polymorphism; Transmembrane.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
INIT_MET   1     1        Removed (By similarity). 
CHAIN   2   532  531     Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3. PRO_0000147654
NP_BIND   9    14  6     FAD (Potential). 
NP_BIND   191   196  6     NADP (Potential). 
VARIANT   24    24  1     E -> D (modest increase in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine, methimazole, ethylenethiourea and sulindac). VAR_042705 
VARIANT   32    32  1     E -> K (in TMAU). VAR_037306 
VARIANT   52    52  1     A -> T (in TMAU). VAR_008146 
VARIANT   61    61  1     N -> K (loss of activity). VAR_042706 
VARIANT   61    61  1     N -> S (in TMAU; more than 90% reduction in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine, benzydamine and methyl p-tolyl sulfide). VAR_037307 
VARIANT   66    66  1     M -> I (in TMAU; loss of activity; affects FAD binding). VAR_002423 
VARIANT   132   132  1     D -> H (in dbSNP:rs12072582 [NCBI]). VAR_015364 
VARIANT   153   153  1     P -> L (in TMAU; 90% reduction in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine and benzydamine; 34% reduction in catalytic efficiency toward methyl p-tolyl sulfide; nearly no effect on affinity for these substrates). VAR_002424 
VARIANT   158   158  1     E -> K (35%, 45% and 71% increase in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine, benzydamine and methyl p-tolyl sulfide, respectively; dbSNP:rs2266782 [NCBI]). VAR_002425 
VARIANT   198   198  1     D -> E. VAR_018345 
VARIANT   205   205  1     R -> C (in dbSNP:rs28363549 [NCBI]). VAR_018346 
VARIANT   257   257  1     V -> M (65% increase in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine and 60% reduction toward benzydamine and methyl p-tolyl sulfide; dbSNP:rs1736557 [NCBI]). VAR_002426 
VARIANT   277   277  1     V -> A (in dbSNP:rs2066530 [NCBI]). VAR_014845 
VARIANT   308   308  1     E -> G (16% reduction in catalytic efficiency toward trimethylamine and 40% increase toward benzydamine and methyl p-tolyl sulfide; dbSNP:rs2266780 [NCBI]). VAR_002427 
VARIANT   360   360  1     L -> P (in dbSNP:rs28363581 [NCBI]). VAR_015365 
VARIANT   362   362  1     E -> Q (in dbSNP:rs2066532 [NCBI]). VAR_014846 
VARIANT   387   387  1     R -> L (in TMAU). VAR_008147 
VARIANT   416   416  1     K -> N (2-fold decrease in affinity for trimethylamine; 3-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency toward methimazole; 3-fold increase in catalytic efficiency toward sulindac; 30% increase in catalytic efficiency toward ethylenethiourea). VAR_042707 
VARIANT   434   434  1     M -> I (in TMAU; profoundly alters enzyme function). VAR_037308 
VARIANT   492   492  1     R -> W (in TMAU; loss of activity; affects FAD binding). VAR_008145 
VARIANT   503   503  1     G -> R. VAR_015366 
CONFLICT   298   298        S -> T (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   369   369        I -> L (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   400   405        PSMEDM -> GPFYGKTL (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   410   410        N -> I (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   418   419        KW -> ANG (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   444   445        KP -> T (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   449   449        W -> M (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   454   454        D -> G (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   461   462        VY -> L (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   478   478        Q -> S (in Ref. 1; AAA86284). 
CONFLICT   486   486        I -> M (in Ref. 2; CAA87632). 
Sequence information
Length: 532 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 60033 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: 729E41D53EFC4110 [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MGKKVAIIGA GVSGLASIRS CLEEGLEPTC FEKSNDIGGL WKFSDHAEEG RASIYKSVFS 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
NSSKEMMCFP DFPFPDDFPN FMHNSKIQEY IIAFAKEKNL LKYIQFKTFV SSVNKHPDFA 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
TTGQWDVTTE RDGKKESAVF DAVMVCSGHH VYPNLPKESF PGLNHFKGKC FHSRDYKEPG 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
VFNGKRVLVV GLGNSGCDIA TELSRTAEQV MISSRSGSWV MSRVWDNGYP WDMLLVTRFG 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
TFLKNNLPTA ISDWLYVKQM NARFKHENYG LMPLNGVLRK EPVFNDELPA SILCGIVSVK 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
PNVKEFTETS AIFEDGTIFE GIDCVIFATG YSFAYPFLDE SIIKSRNNEI ILFKGVFPPL 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
LEKSTIAVIG FVQSLGAAIP TVDLQSRWAA QVIKGTCTLP SMEDMMNDIN EKMEKKRKWF 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
GKSETIQTDY IVYMDELSSF IGAKPNIPWL FLTDPKLAME VYFGPCSPYQ FRLVGPGQWP 

       490        500        510        520        530 
GARNAILTQW DRSLKPMQTR VVGRLQKPCF FFHWLKLFAI PILLIAVFLV LT 

P31513 in FASTA format

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