Species code:	PROMS
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Cyanobacteria; Prochlorales; Prochlorococcaceae; Prochlorococcus (TaxID: 146891) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Prochlorococcus, a fairly recently discovered cyanobacterium (1988), is the smallest known free-living photosynthetic prokaryote. Despite its small size it contributes significantly to global nutrient cycling. It is unique among cyanobacteria in using divinyl chlorophyll a and b as the major light-harvesting pigments, and harvests light with chlorophyll-binding antenna proteins (Pcb proteins) instead of the phycobilisomes used by most cyanobacteria. It is found in low- to mid-latitude oceans and seas, thriving in nutrient-poor waters and at greater depths than its close relative Synechococcus (down to 135m for Prochlorococcus, but only 95m for Synechococcus). Prochlorococcus can be differentiated into low-light (LL) and high-light (HL)-adapted ecotypes that have different physiologies and exist at different depths. Comparison of 12 whole genomes suggests the core genome contains about 1250 genes, while the pan-genome will have more than 5800 genes. This HL-adapted strain was isolated from the Arabian Sea at a depth of 50m in November 1995. Its chlorophyll b/a ratio is 0.34 and it belongs to low chlorophyll b/a clade II, the most abundant clade of Prochlorococcus in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans, often constituting over 90% of the total population; AS9601 strain outgrows MIT 9312 in temperatures exceeding 28 C, and can grow at significantly higher temperatures (31 C) (from https://research.venterinstitute.org/moore/SingleOrganism.do?speciesTag=AS9601&pageAttr=pageMain).
Properties:	Presence of flagella: No Interaction: No Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of PROMS entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 1920 (264 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 1656 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000551 (circular; 1,669,886 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=18159947; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Kettler G.C., Martiny A.C., Huang K., Zucker J., Coleman M.L., Rodrigue S., Chen F., Lapidus A., Ferriera S., Johnson J., Steglich C., Church G.M., Richardson P., Chisholm S.W. ; "Patterns and implications of gene gain and loss in the evolution of Prochlorococcus."; PLoS Genet. 3:2515-2528(2007).
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://chisholmlab.mit.edu/genomes/ https://research.venterinstitute.org/moore/SingleOrganism.do?speciesTag=AS9601&pageAttr=pageMain Other web sites: Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=txid146891%5Borgn%5D GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Pmar_AS9601  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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