Species code:	ECOK1
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia (TaxID: 405955) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative straight rod, which either uses peritrichous flagella for mobility or is nonmotile. It is a facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. E.coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and by synthesising appreciable amounts of vitamins. It is an important component of the biosphere. It colonizes the lower gut of animals and survives when released to the natural environment, allowing widespread dissemination to new hosts. Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems. This strain is an avian pathogenic E.coli (APEC), and was isolated from the lung of a chicken with colisepticemia. E.coli APEC O1 is an O1:K1:H7 strain and was chosen for sequencing as it possesses traits characteristics of E.coli which cause disease outside of the intestinal tract i.e. APEC and UPEC (uropathogenic E.coli) strains. It is highly virulent in chickens. It is closely related to E.coli UTI89, a UPEC strain of E.coli (ECOUT). It contains 4 plasmids, pAPEC-O1-ColBM, pAPEC-O1-R, pAPEC-O1-Cryptic1 and pAPEC-O1-Cryptic2. Plasmid pAPEC-O1-ColBM is an F-type plasmid that produces colicins B and M and encodes a putative virulence cluster. Plasmid pAPEC-O1-R encodes resistance to eight antimicrobial agents. The cryptic plasmids are somewhat related to Yersinia-type plasmids and do not confer any apparent phenotypes.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: Animal pathogen in Aves Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of ECOK1 entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4869 (648 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 4221 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000468 (circular; 5,082,025 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pAPEC-O1-ColBM EMBL accession number DQ381420 (circular; 174,241 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pAPEC-O1-R EMBL accession number DQ517526 (circular; 241,387 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=17293413; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Johnson T.J., Kariyawasam S., Wannemuehler Y., Mangiamele P., Johnson S.J., Doetkott C., Skyberg J.A., Lynne A.M., Johnson J.R., Nolan L.K. ; "The genome sequence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain O1:K1:H7 shares strong similarities with human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli genomes."; J. Bacteriol. 189:3228-3236(2007). [2] PubMed=16885466; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Johnson T.J., Johnson S.J., Nolan L.K. ; "Complete DNA sequence of a ColBM plasmid from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli suggests that it evolved from closely related ColV virulence plasmids."; J. Bacteriol. 188:5975-5983(2006). [3] PubMed=16940062; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Johnson T.J., Wannemeuhler Y.M., Scaccianoce J.A., Johnson S.J., Nolan L.K. ; "Complete DNA sequence, comparative genomics, and prevalence of an IncHI2 plasmid occurring among extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates."; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:3929-3933(2006).
Web links:	Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=txid405955%5Borgn%5D ERIC: http://www.ericbrc.org/portal/eric/ecoliapec01 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_APECO1 PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p16718_Esc_coli  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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