Species code:	CLOPH
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Clostridiaceae; Clostridium (TaxID: 357809) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Clostridium phytofermentans is an anaerobic ethanol- and hydrogen-producing cellulolytic bacterium from forest soil that is capable of fermenting all major carbohydrate components of biomass. It grows optimally at 35-37 degrees Celsius. Cells stain Gram-negative, despite having a Gram-positive cell-wall ultrastructure, and are motile, straight rods that form spherical terminal spores that swollen with sporangium. Cellulose, pectin, starch, and xylan are rapidly degraded and fermented with ethanol, acetate, CO2 and H2 as the major end-products and formate and lactate as minor products. Two to 4 times more ethanol than acetate are formed, suggesting that C. phytofermentans possesses unusual fermentation pathways. Hydrogen production approaches maximum amounts expected based on the amounts of non-gaseous products formed, thus it is interesting from a biotechnology point of view. Phylogenetically, C. phytofermentans is a member of Cluster XIVa of the low-G+C-content Gram-positive bacteria, only distantly related to another cellulose-degrading bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum (CLOTH) (adapted from http://genome.jgi-psf.org/finished_microbes/clopi/clopi.home.html).
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: No Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of CLOPH entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3891 (202 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3689 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000885 (circular; 4,847,594 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] Leschine S.B., Warnick T.A., Blanchard J.L., Schnell D.J., Petit E.L., LaTouf W.G., Copeland A., Lucas S., Lapidus A., Barry K., Glavina del Rio T., Dalin E., Tice H., Pitluck S., Kiss H., Brettin T., Bruce D., Detter J.C., Han C., Kuske C., Schmutz J., Larimer F., Land M., Hauser L., Kyrpides N., Kim E.A., Richardson P. ; "Complete genome sequence of Clostridium phytofermentans ISDg."; Submitted (NOV-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://genome.jgi-psf.org/finished_microbes/clopi/clopi.home.html Other web sites: ClostriDB: http://xbase.bham.ac.uk/clostridb/genome.pl?id=1519 Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16184 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Cphy_ISDg  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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