The short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR) [1] is a very large
family of enzymes, most of which are known to be NAD- or NADP-dependent
oxidoreductases. As the first member of this family to be characterized was
Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase, this family used to be called [2,3,4]
'insect-type', or 'short-chain' alcohol dehydrogenases. Most member of this
family are proteins of about 250 to 300 amino acid residues. The proteins
currently known to belong to this family are listed below.
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) from insects such as Drosophila.
- Acetoin dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.5) from Klebsiella terrigena (gene budC).
- D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) (EC 1.1.1.30) from mammals.
- Acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.36) from various bacterial species
(gene phbB or phaB).
- Glucose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.47) from Bacillus.
- 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51) from Comomonas
testosteroni.
- 20-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.53) from Streptomyces
hydrogenans.
- Ribitol 2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.56) (RDH) from Klebsiella aerogenes.
- Estradiol 17-β-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.62) from human.
- Gluconate 5-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.69) from Gluconobacter oxydans (gene
gno).
- 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase (EC 1.1.1.100) from Escherichia
coli (gene fabG) and from plants.
- Retinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.105) from mammals.
- 2-deoxy-d-gluconate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.125) from Escherichia coli
and Erwinia chrysanthemi (gene kduD).
- Sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.140) from Escherichia coli
(gene gutD) and from Klebsiella pneumoniae (gene sorD).
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.1.1.141) from human.
- Corticosteroid 11-β-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.146) (11-DH) from mammals.
- 7-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.159) from Escherichia coli
(gene hdhA), Eubacterium strain VPI 12708 (gene baiA) and from Clostridium
sordellii.
- NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase (EC 1.1.1.184) from mammals.
- Tropinone reductase-I (EC 1.1.1.206) and -II (EC 1.1.1.236) from plants.
- N-acylmannosamine 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.233) from Flavobacterium strain
141-8.
- D-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase (ribulose forming) (EC 1.1.1.250) from fungi.
- Tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase (EC 1.1.1.252) from Magnaporthe grisea.
- Pteridine reductase 1 (EC 1.5.1.33) (gene PTR1) from Leishmania.
- 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.-.-) from
Pseudomonas paucimobilis.
- Cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.
-) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (gene benD) and Pseudomonas putida
(gene xylL).
- Biphenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-diol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.-) (gene bphB) from
various Pseudomonaceae.
- Cis-toluene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.-) from Pseudomonas putida
(gene todD).
- Cis-benzene glycol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.19) from Pseudomonas putida
(gene bnzE).
- 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.28) from
Escherichia coli (gene entA) and Bacillus subtilis (gene dhbA).
- Dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.5.1.34) (HDHPR) from mammals.
- Lignin degradation enzyme ligD from Pseudomonas paucimobilis.
- Agropine synthesis reductase from Agrobacterium plasmids (gene mas1).
- Versicolorin reductase from Aspergillus parasiticus (gene VER1).
- Putative keto-acyl reductases from Streptomyces polyketide biosynthesis
operons.
- A trifunctional hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase from the peroxisomal
β-oxidation system of Candida tropicalis. This protein contains two
tandemly repeated 'short-chain dehydrogenase-type' domain in its N-terminal
extremity.
- Nodulation protein nodG from species of Azospirillum and Rhizobium which is
probably involved in the modification of the nodulation Nod factor fatty
acyl chain.
- Nitrogen fixation protein fixR from Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
- Bacillus subtilis protein dltE which is involved in the biosynthesis of D-
alanyl-lipoteichoic acid.
- Human follicular variant translocation protein 1 (FVT1).
- Mouse adipocyte protein p27.
- Mouse protein Ke 6.
- Maize sex determination protein TASSELSEED 2.
- Sarcophaga peregrina 25 Kd development specific protein.
- Drosophila fat body protein P6.
- A Listeria monocytogenes hypothetical protein encoded in the internalins
gene region.
- Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yciK.
- Escherichia coli hypothetical protein ydfG.
- Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yjgI.
- Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yjgU.
- Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yohF.
- Bacillus subtilis hypothetical protein yoxD.
- Bacillus subtilis hypothetical protein ywfD.
- Bacillus subtilis hypothetical protein ywfH.
- Yeast hypothetical protein YIL124w.
- Yeast hypothetical protein YIR035c.
- Yeast hypothetical protein YIR036c.
- Yeast hypothetical protein YKL055c.
- Fission yeast hypothetical protein SpAC23D3.11.
We use as a signature pattern for this family of proteins one of the best
conserved regions which includes two perfectly conserved residues, a tyrosine
and a lysine. The tyrosine residue participates in the catalytic mechanism.
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