ID   1.17.1.4
DE   Xanthine dehydrogenase.
AN   NAD-xanthine dehydrogenase.
AN   Xanthine oxidoreductase.
AN   Xanthine-NAD oxidoreductase.
AN   Xanthine/NAD(+) oxidoreductase.
CA   (1) Xanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = urate + NADH.
CA   (2) Hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = xanthine + NADH.
CF   FAD; Iron-sulfur; Molybdenum.
CC   -!- Acts on a variety of purines and aldehydes, including hypoxanthine.
CC   -!- The animal enzyme can be interconverted to EC 1.17.3.2 (the oxidase
CC       form).
CC   -!- That from liver exists in vivo mainly in the dehydrogenase form,
CC       but can be converted into EC 1.17.3.2 by storage at -20 degrees
CC       Celsius, by treatment with proteolytic agents or organic solvents,
CC       or by thiol reagents such as Cu(2+), N-ethylmaleamide or
CC       4-hydroxymercuribenzoate.
CC   -!- The effect of thiol reagents can be reversed by thiols such as 1,4-
CC       dithioerythritol.
CC   -!- This enzyme can also be converted into EC 1.17.3.2 by EC 1.8.4.7 in
CC       the presence of glutathione disulfide.
CC   -!- In other animal tissues, the enzyme exists almost entirely as
CC       EC 1.17.3.2, but can be converted into the dehydrogenase form by 1,4-
CC       dithioerythritol.
CC   -!- Formerly EC 1.2.1.37 and EC 1.1.1.204.
PR   PROSITE; PDOC00484;
DR   O32147, XDHA_BACSU ;  Q8X6C7, XDHA_ECO57 ;  Q46799, XDHA_ECOLI ;
DR   Q8X6C5, XDHB_ECO57 ;  Q46800, XDHB_ECOLI ;  O32145, XDHC_BACSU ;
DR   O32144, XDHD_BACSU ;  O32143, XDHE_BACSU ;  P80457, XDH_BOVIN  ;
DR   P08793, XDH_CALVI  ;  P47990, XDH_CHICK  ;  Q54FB7, XDH_DICDI  ;
DR   P10351, XDH_DROME  ;  P22811, XDH_DROPS  ;  P91711, XDH_DROSU  ;
DR   Q12553, XDH_EMENI  ;  Q9MYW6, XDH_FELCA  ;  P47989, XDH_HUMAN  ;
DR   Q00519, XDH_MOUSE  ;  P22985, XDH_RAT    ;  Q8X6J4, YAGR_ECO57 ;
DR   P77489, YAGR_ECOLI ;  Q8X6J0, YAGS_ECO57 ;  P77324, YAGS_ECOLI ;
//