| Official Name |
|---|
| Choline monooxygenase.
|
| Reaction catalysed |
|---|
| Choline + O(2) + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H(+) <=> betaine aldehyde hydrate + H(2)O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin |
| Cofactor(s) |
|---|
| Iron-sulfur; Magnesium.
|
| Comment(s) |
|---|
- Catalyzes the first step of glycine betaine synthesis.
- In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is
synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2)
betaine aldehyde to betaine.
- Different enzymes are involved in the first reaction.
- In plants, the reaction is catalyzed by this enzyme whereas in
animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either membrane-bound
choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1) or soluble choline oxidase
(EC 1.1.3.17).
- The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, appears to be the
same in plants, animals and bacteria.
- In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the
actions of EC 2.1.1.156 and EC 2.1.1.157.
|
| Cross-references |
|---|
| BRENDA | 1.14.15.7 |
| PUMA2 | 1.14.15.7 |
| PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles | 1.14.15.7 |
| KEGG Ligand Database for Enzyme Nomenclature | 1.14.15.7 |
| IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature | 1.14.15.7 |
| IntEnz | 1.14.15.7 |
| MEDLINE | Find literature relating to 1.14.15.7 |
| MetaCyc | 1.14.15.7 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
|
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